Emotional management strategies in professionals of nursing: A review of the evidence in hospital environments

Abstract

Introduction: Nursing practice in hospital settings entails a high emotional burden resulting from constant exposure to suffering, death, institutional pressure, and the demands of the healthcare system. These factors intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the risk of burnout and the deterioration of nurses’ psychological well-being. Objective: This literature review aimed to analyze the available evidence on emotional management strategies implemented by nursing professionals in hospital contexts. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and SciELO databases using MeSH terms such as emotional regulation, hospital care, nurse, and emotional stress. Twenty articles published between 2020 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria and methodological rigor were selected. Result: The studies show that emotional burden in nursing is multifactorial, influenced by work overload, exposure to death, rotating shifts, and limited institutional support. Intervention strategies were identified at three levels: individual (mindfulness, conscious breathing, yoga), group (peer support, Death Cafés), and institutional (programs such as WISER, WELL-B, and Mind Management Skills for Life). Discussion: Findings highlight the need to integrate emotional management as an essential professional competency. Individual strategies are most effective when supported by an institutional culture of well-being and emotional support. There is limited Latin American evidence and notable cultural heterogeneity in the implementation of these programs. Conclusion: Emotional management should not rely solely on individual self-care but must be integrated into sustainable and culturally appropriate institutional policies within hospital settings, fostering healthy work environments and promoting its inclusion in professional nursing education.