Descriptive analysis of mortality from bronchus and lung cancer in Chile: An epidemiological overview of 20 years (2002-2022)

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchus and lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from the bronchial epithelium or pulmonary parenchyma. Objective: To establish the mortality rate from bronchus and lung cancer in Chile between 2002 and 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted. Deaths from bronchus and lung cancer (ICD-10 code C34) recorded in Chile from 2002 to 2022 were analyzed, based on official data from the Department of Statistics and Health Information. The variables considered were: cause of death, sex, age, and region. Mortality rate were calculated using population projections from the National Institute of Statistics. Result: A total of 59.720 deaths from lung cancer were recorded, with an average mortality rate of 15,39 per 100.000 inhabitants. Mortality was higher in men (19,02) than in women (11,79). The highest mortality rate was observed in older adults (65 years of age or older), reaching 78,67 per 100.000. Regionally, Antofagasta had the highest mortality rate (26,45), while Ñuble and La Araucanía had the lowest. Discussion: The increasing mortality trend reflects the persistence of tobacco use, population aging, and regional environmental exposures. The low five-year survival rate and delayed diagnosis emphasize the urgent need to implement early detection programs. Conclusion: This study highlights a high and rising burden of lung cancer mortality in Chile. Integrated public health policies are needed to improve prevention, early diagnosis, and timely access to treatment.