Tasa de mortalidad por síndrome de Guillain-Barré: Un análisis epidemiológico del período 2016-2024 en Chile

Abstract

Introduction: Following poliomyelitis eradication, Guillain-Barré syndrome has become the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. The global incidence is estimated at 1-2 cases per 100.000 people per year. Objective: To characterize the Guillain-Barré syndrome mortality rate in Chile during 2016-2024. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from the Department of Health Statistics and Information and the National Institute of Statistics on deaths coded as G61.0 in the ICD-10, according to the following variables: sex, age, region and place of death. Result: The highest mortality rate occurred in 2016 (0,15/100.000), in males (0,13/100.000), in the population aged 80 and older (1,01/100.000), and in the Arica y Parinacota Region (0,23/100.000). Discussion: The 2016 peak mortality rate could be associated with Latin American Zika virus outbreaks. Higher male mortality may link to an exacerbated immune response, while the 80 and older group findings could be attributed to accumulated comorbidities. The higher mortality observed in the Arica y Parinacota and La Araucanía regions might relate to a higher proportion of indigenous population and socioeconomic disparities compared to the national average. Conclusion: This analysis highlights the need for further epidemiological studies and improved access to quality, specialized care across Chile to enable timely Guillain-Barré syndrome detection and management, ultimately reducing the mortality rate.