Mortality due to necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn in Chile: Descriptive analysis 2016-2024

Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns is a severe gastrointestinal disease that mainly affects preterm infants with low birth weight and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In Chile, there are limited updated epidemiological data on deaths due to this condition. Objective: To describe the mortality rate from necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns as the underlying cause in Chile during 2016-2024. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study utilised data on deaths from necrotising enterocolitis in newborns recorded by the Department of Health Statistics and Information, along with population data from the National Institute of Statistics for the period 2016-2024. Data processing was carried out in Microsoft Excel. Result: A total of 396 deaths from this cause were recorded between 2016-2024, with a mortality rate of 22,34 per 100.000 live births. The annual mortality rate was irregular and higher among males. Regionally, high rates were noted in Aysén and La Araucanía, and low mortality rates in Atacama, Arica and Parinacota. 97,73% of deaths occurred in hospitals. Discussion: Interannual variations may be explained by statistical instability associated with small numbers. Higher male mortality and regional variation may be related to biological factors and neonatal risk, such as low birth weight. Conclusion: Necrotising enterocolitis in newborns remains a relevant cause of mortality in Chile, with differences by sex and region, and with hospital as the predominant place of death. Strategies are needed to prevent prematurity and to enhance regional care capacity through increased availability of subspecialists and specialized centers.