Hepatocellular carcinoma and its international epidemiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52611/confluencia.num2.2023.1004Keywords:
Epidemiology, Risk factors, International, Carcinoma, HepatocellularAbstract
Introduction: Liver cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the liver, which generally develops in the context of chronic liver disease. Objective: to compile relevant information regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis and risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma and to provide an international epidemiological description of the disease. Methodology: descriptive observational design, based on secondary sources. A literature review was conducted based on papers, books, and international epidemiology websites from 1980 to 2022. There were no exclusion criteria regarding the type of publication, but preference was given to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and reviews. The variables analysed were magnitude, variation over time, place, and person (specifically sex and age). Results: The clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, pathogenesis, sequelae, and lethality of hepatocellular carcinoma are described, and its incidence, prevalence, and mortality worldwide are examined according to time, age, sex, and location. Discussion: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a cancer that develops in the context of chronic liver disease. It has more than one aetiology, with HCV being more common in men and HBV in women, and it is more prevalent in people of low socioeconomic status. Although screening with abdominal ultrasound is available, hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed late. Epidemiologically, hepatocellular carcinoma is not very prevalent, but it has high mortality rates. Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly lethal cancer, and managing risk factors and expanding screening could reduce its incidence and mortality.
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