Obsessive-compulsive disorder: A literature review of the main things to know and its relationship with other diseases

Abstract

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions that range from mild to very severe depending on the patient's functional impairment. This condition has multiple comorbidities, which underscores the importance of a proper diagnosis and a comprehensive view of the patient. Objective: To review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic options for obsessive-compulsive disorder, along with comorbidities and a comprehensive view of the patient. Methodology: A systematic search was carried out mainly in Pubmed where the term Mesh "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" was used associated with epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, rehabilitation and therapy, added to gray literature and bibliography from other platforms. Development: The article details the concept of obsessive-compulsive disorder, its diagnosis in the DSM-5, the dimensions affected, and the assessment of symptom severity using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. It also describes the use of high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioural therapy as the preferred treatment options, alongside a review of other available options. The comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder is described, along with the need to treat patients using a broader approach. Conclusion: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychiatric disorder with significant prevalence in the Chilean population. Also, the evidence suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder responses favourably to combined treatment strategies. Given its high comorbidity with other disorders, a comprehensive assessment of the patient is vitally important.