More-than-Human Net Zero Futures Disruptive Participatory Design for A Sustainable Equitable Planet

Main Article Content

Michael Stead

Abstract

From industry through policymaking to academia, much prevailing sustainability discourse focusses on transitioning to a so-called ‘Net Zero future’. Central to this vision is mitigation of human-driven climate change through the decarbonisation of industrial society, principally via increased innovation and adoption of emergent technologies. This paper argues Design Research must pivot from these reductive, solutionist narratives, and develop a disruptive yet inclusive approach towards designing for Net Zero. In response to the complexity of climate change, this paper proposes a novel conceptual frame that helps designer-practitioners to challenge the unsustainable technocentric status quo. Built upon a confluence of Speculative, Participatory and More-than-Human-Centred methods, the paper outlines how this approach can stimulate close collaboration between designers and stakeholder networks. The paper asserts that, through this scaffold, designer-practitioners can reimagine responsible technological Net Zero futures which are inherently More-than-Human, that is, sustainable and equitable for our planet’s human and non-human stakeholders alike.

Article Details

Author Biography

Michael Stead, Lancaster University

As Lecturer in Sustainable Design Futures, Michael’s practice-led research explores the systemic opportunities and challenges emerging technologies including Internet of Things and AI pose for achieving climate goals like Net-Zero and Circular Economies. A Principal/Co-Investigator on £2.5M UKRI grants, he is advancing Speculative, More-than-Human and Participatory Design approaches to develop tools and strategies with community, policy, and industry partners that support adoption of sustainable and equitable technological practices and infrastructures. 

References

Alcott, B. (2005). Jevons’ Paradox. Ecological Economics, Volume 54, Issue 1, 9-21, ISSN 0921-8009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.020

Antonelli, P. (2022). Grow the Future: Visions of Biodesign. PrintNinja.

Auger, J. (2013). Speculative Design: Crafting the Speculation, Digital Creativity, 24;1, 11– 35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276

Bleecker, J. (2009). Design Fiction: A Short Essay on Design, Science, Fact and Fiction. http://drbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net/writing/DesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf

Bratton, B. H. (2019). The Terraforming. Strelka Press.

Brand, S. (2018). Pace Layering: How Complex Systems Learn and Keep Learning. Journal of Design and Science. https://doi.org/10.21428/7f2e5f08

Candy, S. (2010). The Futures of Everyday Life: Politics and the Design of Experiential Scenarios. [Doctoral dissertation in Political Science] University of Hawaii. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1840.0248

Candy, S. & Dunagan, J. (2017). Designing An Experiential Scenario: The People Who Vanished, Futures, Volume 86, 2017, Pages 136-153, ISSN 0016-3287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.05.006

Ceschin, F. & Gaziulusoy, I. (2016). Evolution of Design for Sustainability: From Product Design to Design for System Innovations and Transitions. Design Studies, Volume 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2016.09.002

Crawford, K. (2021). The Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press.

Crawford, K. (2024). Generative AI’s Environmental Costs Are Soaring — and Mostly Secret. Nature 626, 693 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00478-x

Dodge, J., Prewitt, T., Tachet Des Combes, R., Odmark, E., Schwartz, R., Strubell, E., Luccioni, A.S., Smith, N.A., DeCario, N., & Buchanan, W. (2022). Measuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances. In 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ’22), Korea, ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533234

Dunne, A. & Raby, F. (2013). Speculative Everything. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation (n.d.). Adaptive Strategy for Circular Design: From ambition to action: an adaptive strategy for circular design. https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/adaptive-strategy-for-circular-design/overview

Escobar, A. (2018). Designs for the Pluriverse. Duke University Press.

European Climate Law. (2021). Document 32021R1119. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R1119

EU. (2020). Long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy of the European Union and its Member States. https://unfccc.int/documents/210328

Freitag, C., Berners-Lee, M., Widdicks, K., Knowles, B., Blair G., & Friday, A. (2021). The Real Climate & Transformative Impact of ICT. Patterns, 2(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100340

Fry, T. (2009). Defuturing: A New Design Philosophy. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Galloway, A. (2017). More-than-Human Lab: Creative Ethnography After Human Exceptionalism. In L. Hjorth, H. Horst, A. Galloway, & G Bell (Eds.). The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography (pp. 496-503).

Giaccardi, E. & Redström, J. (2020). Technology and More-Than-Human Design, Design Issues, Vol36, Number 4, Autumn 2020, 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00612

Gonzatto, R. F., van Amstel, F.M.C., Merkle, L.E., & Hartmann, T. (2013). The Ideology of the Future in Design Fictions. Digital Creativity, 24(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2013.772524

Hazas, M., & Nathan, L. (2017). Digital Technology & Sustainability: Engaging the Paradox. Routledge.

IPCC (2022a). FAQ 1.3 What is the difference between “net zero emissions” and “carbon neutrality”. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/faqs/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FAQ_Chapter_01.pdf

IPCC (2022b). The Evidence Is Clear: The Time for Action Is Now. We Can Halve Emissions by 2030. https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/

Jasanoff S. (2015). Future Imperfect: Science, Technology, and the Imaginations of Modernity. In: S. Jasanoff & S. Kim (Eds.) Dreamscapes of Modernity. University of Chicago Press.

Johnston, G. (2022). Energy Systems Catapult: Algorithm Governance. https://es.catapult.org.uk/report/algorithm-governance/

Kolbert, E. (2021). Under A White Sky: The Future of Nature. Bodley Head.

Konietzko, J. (2022, April 7). Moving Beyond Carbon Tunnel Vision with A Sustainability Data Strategy. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognizant/2022/04/07/moving-beyond-carbon-tunnel-vision-with-a-sustainability-data-strategy

Kozubaev, S. (2018). Futures As Design: Explorations, Images, and Participations. Interactions, 25(2), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1145/3178554

Latour, B. (1996). On Interobjectivity. Mind, Culture and Activity 3(4): 228–245. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327884mca0304_2

Meadows, D. (1999). Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System. The Sustainability Institute. https://mchwdc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Leverage-Points_Places-to-Intervene-in-a-System-Meadows.pdf

Nicenbolm, I., Giaccardi, E., Søndergaard, M. L. J., Reddy, A. V., Strengers, Y., Pierce, J., & Redström, J. (2020). More-Than-Human Design and AI: In Conversation with Agents. In Companion Publication of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS' 20 Companion). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 397–400. https://doi.org/10.1145/3393914.3395912

Norman, D. (1998). The Invisible Computer. MIT Press.

Papanek, V. (1971). Design for the Real World. St Albarns: Paladin.

Peach, K. & Smith, L. (2022). Participatory Futures: Reimagining the City Together. In Engle, J., Agyeman, J., & Chung-Tiam-Fook, T. (Eds.). (2022). Sacred Civics: Building Seven Generation Cities (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003199816

Price, C. (1966). Technology Is The Answer, But What Was The Question? Public lecture.

Rittel, H. W. J. & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning. Policy Sciences, 4, 155, 155–169, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730

Rozite, V., Miller, J., & Oh, S. (2023, November 2), Why AI and Energy Are the New Power Couple, IEA, Paris. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/why-ai-and-energy-are-the-new-power-couple

Sanders, E. B. N. & Stappers, P. J. (2014). Probes, Toolkits and Prototypes: Three Approaches to Making in Codesigning. CoDesign, 10(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2014.888183

Schumacher, E. F. (1973). Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics As If People Mattered. Abacus.

Sevaldson, B. (2011). GIGA-Mapping: Visualisation for complexity and systems thinking in design., Nordes 2011 - Making Design Matter, 29 - 31 May, School of Art & Design, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland. https://doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2011.015

Simon, H. A. (1969). The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Stead, M. (2024). More-than-Human Making: Crafting Pedagogic Engagement Tools to Accelerate Sustainable Technology Transitions. Workshop paper presented at DIS '24: Designing Interactive Systems Conference, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark, July 2024. ACM.

Stead, M., Blaney, A., Gradinar, A., Richards, D., & Bayar, S. (2021). Design for Terra-Reforming: Prototyping Environmentally Responsible Socio-technical Futures. In 14th International Conference of the European Academy of Design: Safe Harbours for Design Research. https://doi.org/10.5151/ead2021-179

Stead, M. & Coulton, P. (2022). A more-than-human right-to-repair, in Lockton, D., Lenzi, S., Hekkert, P., Oak, A., Sádaba, J., Lloyd, P. (eds.), DRS2022: Bilbao, 25 June - 3 July, Bilbao, Spain. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2022.718

Stead, M., Coulton, P., Pilling, F., Gradinar, A., Pilling, M., & Forrester, I. (2022). More-than-Human-Data Interaction: Bridging Novel Design Research Approaches to Materialise and Foreground Data Sustainability. In Academic Mindtrek 2022 - Proceedings of the 25th International Academic Mindtrek Conference (pp. 62-74). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3569219.3569344

Stead, M., Pilling, M., Macpherson-Pope, T., & Coulton, P. (2023). The Repair Shop 2049: Co-Designing Sustainable and Equitable Transitions for Smart Device Repair with and for Local Communities. In 5th Product Lifetimes and The Environment Conference Proceedings: PLATE 2023. https://www.plateconference.org/call-for-contributions-2/

Sweeting, B. & Sutherland, S. (2022). Possibilities and Practices of Systemic Design: Questions for the Next Decade of Relating Systems Thinking and Design. Proceedings of RSD, Brighton, UK. ISSN 2371-8404

Tang, A. & Nakarada-Kordic, I. (2022). Unpacking notions of community: Critical design and exhibition as a creative participatory research method. The Design Journal, 26(1), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2022.2144493

Thackara, J. (2005). In the Bubble. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Tharp, B. M. & Tharp, S. M. (2018). Discursive Design. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

UN (2015). Paris Agreement. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf

Vallor, S., & Vierkant, T. (2024). Find the Gap: AI, Responsible Agency and Vulnerability. Minds & Machines 34, 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-024-09674-0

Vinsel, L., & Russell, A. L. (2020). The Innovation Delusion. Currency Books.

Wahl, D. C. (2016). Designing Regenerative Cultures. Triarchy Press.

Wallach, W. & Allen, C. (2008). Moral Machines: Teaching Robots Right from Wrong. Oxford University Press, Inc., USA.

World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Retrieved March 6th, 2023, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf

Welier, A. & McKenzie, D. (2017). Moving from Prototyping to “Provotyping”. Medium, 25 August. https://medium.com/@thestratosgroup/moving-from-prototyping-to-provotyping-cedf42a48e90

Widdicks, K., Lucivero, F., Samuel, G., Somavilla Croxatto, L., Tavares Smith, M., Ten Holter, C., Berners-Lee, M., Blair, G.S., Jirotka, M., Knowles, B., Sorrell, S., Borjesson Rivera, M., Cook, C., Coroama, V. C., Foxon, T.J., Hardy, J., Hilty, L.M., Hinterholzer, S., & Penzenstadler, B. (2023). Systems thinking and efficiency under emissions constraints: Addressing rebound effects in digital innovation and policy. Patterns, 4, 2, 100679, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2023.10067

Wong, R. Y. & Khovanskaya, V. (2018). Speculative Design in HCI: From Corporate Imaginations to Critical Orientations. In: Filimowicz, M., Tzankova, V. (eds.) New Directions in Third Wave Human-Computer Interaction: Volume 2 - Methodologies Human–Computer Interaction Series, pp. 175-202. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73374-6_10