Review of prevention strategies in Chile against the Hepatitis C Virus

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C Virus, which may be acute or chronic. In Chile, the seroprevalence rate is 0,01%, with 90% of cases detected in the chronic stage. In this context, various measures have been implemented to reduce the incidence and associated morbidity at different levels of prevention. Objective: Review Hepatitis C Virus prevention measures implemented in Chile at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. Methodology: Review of gray literature from official Chilean websites. Result: In primary prevention measures include mandatory screening in blood banks, informational guidelines for safe handling of sharps for healthcare personnel, and education for the general public. In secondary prevention, guidelines to optimize population screening stand out, with an emphasis on those over 45 years of age and groups with risk factors. In tertiary prevention, the healthcare system has three lines of direct-acting antiviral drugs and measures for monitoring associated complications and coinfections. Discussion: Despite its low endemicity in Chile, approximately 90% of Hepatitis C Virus cases are detected in the chronic stage, which is associated with significant morbidity and costs. Existing measures demonstrate a comprehensive preventive approach, although challenges persist, especially in early detection and screening coverage. Conclusion: Preventive strategies against Hepatitis C Virus in Chile have allowed significant progress; however, in the context of local epidemiology, reinforcing efforts in early diagnosis is a viable alternative.