Interventions and challenges in the prevention and management of epithelial ovarian cancer in Chile: An updated literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic neoplasm, ranking tenth in incidence and fifth in female cancer mortality. In Chile, its mortality rate reaches 5,3 per 100.000 women, with a notable absence of validated primary or secondary prevention strategies. Objective: To compile and synthesize evidence on the different levels of ovarian cancer prevention, prioritizing studies from the last decade. Methodology: A bibliographic review of national and international literature was carried out, considering scientific sources and official organizations. Result: Regarding primary prevention, the only evidence-supported intervention is prophylactic surgery in carriers of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations; however, its applicability is limited, as these genetic alterations are present in only about 10% of cases. For secondary prevention, there are no cost-effective screening protocols implemented in the country, a situation worsened by the nonspecific clinical presentation of ovarian cancer, which often delays diagnosis until advanced stages. In terms of tertiary prevention, standard management includes cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, with the addition of bevacizumab in recurrent cases. Discussion: The findings reveal major challenges in developing effective preventive interventions in the national context. Although international research has explored new strategies, no concrete or applicable results have yet been obtained in Chile. Conclusion: The absence of early biomarkers and the clinical heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, highlight the urgent need to prioritize this disease within the national cancer research agenda.