Epidemiological update: Mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage during the period 2016 to 2023 in Chile

Abstract

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a neurological emergency characterized by the extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space, often caused by the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm or a traumatic brain injury. Its global incidence ranges from 2 to 8 cases per-100.000 inhabitants per year. In Chile, although data are limited, prevalence appears to fall within this range, with a notable increase among young and middle-aged adults. Objective: To describe the mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2016 and 2023 in Chile, identifying the sex, age group, and region with the highest mortality. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Mortality data with subarachnoid hemorrhage (ICD-10: I60) as the underlying cause of death were used, along with population projections based on the 2024 Census. Statistical analyses were conducted. Result: A total of 3.882 deaths due to subarachnoid hemorrhage were recorded. Women died more frequently than men, and the 80+ age group reported the highest number of deaths in both sexes throughout the study period. Discussion: National epidemiology aligns with international trends; there is an increase in subarachnoid hemorrhage -related mortality with advancing age, and it is more common in women. Conclusion: The mortality rate from subarachnoid hemorrhage increased over the years analyzed, which may be explained by a higher burden of comorbidities in older populations. It is essential to improve timely and specialized care to enhance mortality indicators, reduce long-term sequelae, and optimize clinical outcomes for patients.