Transformaciones alimentarias durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 y sus consecuencias en la salud de personas adultas: Una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52611/confluencia.num2.2021.679Palabras clave:
adulto, cuarentena, coronavirus, conducta alimentariaResumen
Introducción: La alimentación es un fenómeno determinado por diversos factores. La cuarentena causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 es un proceso de estrés no-normativo, pudiendo generar transformaciones en los hábitos alimenticios. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia en relación a las transformaciones de los hábitos alimenticios causados por la cuarentena por la pandemia por COVID-19 y su impacto en la salud de personas adultas. Métodos: Corresponde a una revisión bibliográfica de 20 estudios de las bases de datos PubMED, CINAHL y MEDLINE. Se realizaron dos búsquedas distintas en abril y agosto del año 2021 utilizando los términos MESH: “young adults”, “adults”, “quarantine”, “feeding behavior” y “COVID-19 / Sars-CoV-2”. Además, se revisaron los artículos a través de la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Análisis: Existió predominancia de los estudios realizados en Europa, participantes mujeres y nivel educacional superior. Los principales factores identificados que determinan los hábitos alimentarios son: género femenino, IMC, aumento general de consumo de comidas, alimentación saludable, actividad física y sedentarismo, y el empeoramiento de la salud mental. Discusión: Aunque todos los artículos expusieron cambios negativos en la alimentación de la población, la mitad también afirmó la existencia de conductas alimenticias de autocuidado. Conclusión: Hubo predominio de las transformaciones alimenticias con impacto negativo, aumentando la ingesta de comidas no saludables relacionado al estrés y síntomas depresivos. El género femenino, IMC y disminución de actividad física se asoció a un mayor aumento de peso.
Descargas
Citas
Mojica-Crespo R, Morales-Crespo MM. Pandemic COVID-19, the new health emergency of international concern: A review [Internet]. Vol. 46, Semergen. Ediciones Doyma, S.L.; 2020. p. 65–77. Available from: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-medicina-familia-semergen-40-articulo-pandemia-covid-19-nueva-emergencia-sanitaria-S1138359320301714
CNN. COVID-19 en el mundo: Cifras actualizadas [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cnnchile.com/page/covid-19-en-el-mundo-cifras-actualizadas/
CESFAM San Juan. Crisis Normativas en la APS. 2015.
Caballero-Domínguez CC, Campo-Arias A. Problemas de salud mental en la sociedad: un acercamiento desde el impacto del COVID 19 y de la cuarentena. Duazary [Internet]. 2020 Apr 18;17(3):1–3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.3467
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Obesidad y sobrepeso [Internet], 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Cambridge Public Health. Obesity linked to premature death, with greatest effect in men [Internet]. 2016. Available from: https://www.iph.cam.ac.uk/obesity-linked-to-premature-death-with-greatest-effect-in-men/
Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). Promoción de la Salud ANEXO 11. 2019.
Mattioli A V., Sciomer S, Cocchi C, Maffei S, Gallina S. Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Changes in diet and physical activity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis [Internet]. 2020 Aug 28;30(9):1409–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.020
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). OMS | Salud mental [Internet], 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/mental_health/es/
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Alimentación y estrés [Internet]. Available from: https://nutricion.uc.cl/noticias/alimentacion-y-estres/
López-Moreno M, López MTI, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Physical and Psychological Effects Related to Food Habits and Lifestyle Changes Derived from COVID-19 Home Confinement in the Spanish Population. Nutr 2020, Vol 12, Page 3445 [Internet]. 2020 Nov 10 ;12(11):3445. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/11/3445/htm
Wang X, Lei SM, Le S, Yang Y, Zhang B, Yao W, et al. Bidirectional Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Health Behaviors and Quality of Life among Chinese Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Aug 2 ;17(15):5575. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med [Internet]. 2020 Dec 8 ;18(1):229. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
Urrutia G, Bonfill X. Declaración PRISMA: una propuesta para mejorar la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis [Internet]. Vol. 135, Medicina Clínica. 2010. p. 507–11. Available from: http://es.cochrane.org/sites/es.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/PRISMA_Spanish.pdf
Sidor A, Rzymski P. Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutr 2020, Vol 12, Page 1657 [Internet]. 2020 Jun 3;12(6):1657. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1657/htm
Reyes-Olavarría D, Latorre-Román PÁ, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Jerez-Mayorga D, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Delgado-Floody P. Positive and Negative Changes in Food Habits, Physical Activity Patterns, and Weight Status during COVID-19 Confinement: Associated Factors in the Chilean Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Jul 28 ;17(15):5431. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
Salman A, Sigodo KO, Al-Ghadban F, Al-Lahou B, Alnashmi M, Hermassi S, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutr 2021, Vol 13, Page 2252 [Internet]. 2021 Jun 30 ;13(7):2252. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2252/htm
Poelman MP, Gillebaart M, Schlinkert C, Dijkstra SC, Derksen E, Mensink F, et al. Eating behavior and food purchases during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study among adults in the Netherlands. Appetite [Internet]. 2021 Feb 1 ;157:105002. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7554484/
Kriaucioniene V, Bagdonaviciene L, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Petkeviciene J. Associations between Changes in Health Behaviours and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Quarantine in Lithuania: The Lithuanian COVIDiet Study. Nutr 2020, Vol 12, Page 3119 [Internet]. 2020 Oct 13 ;12(10):3119. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3119/htm
Robinson E, Boyland E, Chisholm A, Harrold J, Maloney NG, Marty L, et al. Obesity, eating behavior and physical activity during COVID-19 lockdown: A study of UK adults. Appetite [Internet]. 2021 Jan 1 ;156:104853. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195666320310060
Cancello R, Soranna D, Zambra G, Zambon A, Invitti C. Determinants of the Lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 Pandemic in the Residents of Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 Aug 28 ;17(17):6287. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
Murphy B, Benson T, McCloat A, Mooney E, Elliott C, Dean M, et al. Changes in Consumers’ Food Practices during the COVID-19 Lockdown, Implications for Diet Quality and the Food System: A Cross-Continental Comparison. Nutr 2021, Vol 13, Page 20 [Internet]. 2020 Dec 23 ;13(1):20. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/1/20/htm
Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 May 28 ;12(6):1583. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
Park K-H, Kim A-R, Yang M-A, Lim S-J, Park J-H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life of adults in South Korea. Lin C-Y, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021 Feb 26 ;16(2):e0247970. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247970
Radwan H, Al Kitbi M, Hasan H, Al Hilali M, Abbas N, Hamadeh R, et al. Indirect Health Effects of COVID-19: Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviors during the Lockdown in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Feb 18 ;18(4):1964. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041964
Hu Z, Lin X, Chiwanda Kaminga A, Xu H. Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Subjective Well-Being Among the General Population in Mainland China: Cross-Sectional Study. J Med Internet Res [Internet]. 2020 Aug 25 ;22(8):e21176. Available from: https://www.jmir.org/2020/8/e21176
Werneck AO, Silva DR, Malta DC, Gomes CS, Souza-Júnior PRB, Azevedo LO, et al. Associations of sedentary behaviours and incidence of unhealthy diet during the COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil. Public Health Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Feb 22 ;24(3):422–6. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core.
Modrzejewska A, Czepczor-Bernat K, Modrzejewska J, Matusik P. Eating Motives and Other Factors Predicting Emotional Overeating during COVID-19 in a Sample of Polish Adults. Nutr 2021, Vol 13, Page 1658 [Internet]. 2021 May 13 [cited 2021 Nov 16];13(5):1658. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1658/htm
Ramos-Padilla P, Villavicencio-Barriga VD, Cárdenas-Quintana H, Abril-Merizalde L, Solís-Manzano A, Carpio-Arias TV. Eating Habits and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adult Population of Ecuador. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1 [cited 2021 Sep 4];18(7). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8037487/
Mason TB, Barrington-Trimis J, Leventhal AM. Eating to Cope With the COVID-19 Pandemic and Body Weight Change in Young Adults. J Adolesc Heal [Internet]. 2021 Feb 1 [cited 2021 May 8];68(2):277–83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.11.011
Coulthard H, Sharps M, Cunliffe L, Tol A van den. Eating in the lockdown during the Covid 19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Sep 4];161:105082. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7976455/
Marty L, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Labesse M, Nicklaus S. Food choice motives and the nutritional quality of diet during the COVID-19 lockdown in France. Appetite. 2021 Feb 1;157:105005.
