Transformaciones alimentarias durante la cuarentena por COVID-19 y sus consecuencias en la salud de personas adultas: Una revisión narrativa
Keywords:
adulto, cuarentena, coronavirus, conducta alimentariaAbstract
Introducción: La alimentación es un fenómeno determinado por diversos factores. La cuarentena causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 es un proceso de estrés no-normativo, pudiendo generar transformaciones en los hábitos alimenticios. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia en relación a las transformaciones de los hábitos alimenticios causados por la cuarentena por la pandemia por COVID-19 y su impacto en la salud de personas adultas. Métodos: Corresponde a una revisión bibliográfica de 20 estudios de las bases de datos PubMED, CINAHL y MEDLINE. Se realizaron dos búsquedas distintas en abril y agosto del año 2021 utilizando los términos MESH: “young adults”, “adults”, “quarantine”, “feeding behavior” y “COVID-19 / Sars-CoV-2”. Además, se revisaron los artículos a través de la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Análisis: Existió predominancia de los estudios realizados en Europa, participantes mujeres y nivel educacional superior. Los principales factores identificados que determinan los hábitos alimentarios son: género femenino, IMC, aumento general de consumo de comidas, alimentación saludable, actividad física y sedentarismo, y el empeoramiento de la salud mental. Discusión: Aunque todos los artículos expusieron cambios negativos en la alimentación de la población, la mitad también afirmó la existencia de conductas alimenticias de autocuidado. Conclusión: Hubo predominio de las transformaciones alimenticias con impacto negativo, aumentando la ingesta de comidas no saludables relacionado al estrés y síntomas depresivos. El género femenino, IMC y disminución de actividad física se asoció a un mayor aumento de peso.
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