Breastfeeding process in children up to two years of age with muscle hypotonia associated with rare or infrequent diseases by 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding or direct breastfeeding in children with muscle hypotonia may be affected by weak sucking, fatigue, frequent pauses, among other factors. However, it is essential to breastfeed infants with hypotonia associated with rare diseases because of the benefits of direct breastfeeding, such as better growth, shorter hospital stays, and improved oral motor strength. Therefore, it is necessary to contribute updated information relevant to the specific characteristics of this population. Objective: To understand the breastfeeding process in children up to two years old with muscle hypotonia associated with rare or uncommon diseases, as reported by mothers in 2024. Methodology: A qualitative case study approach. Mothers of children with muscle hypotonia associated with rare diseases participated. A semi-structured interview was conducted, focusing on the mothers' breastfeeding experiences. Result: Mothers expressed initial fears and anatomofunctional barriers. Specialized professional support was key to sustaining direct breastfeeding, facilitating postural strategies and increasing self-efficacy.  Discussion: It was possible described that professional support and self-efficacy are fundamental for the sustainability and exclusivity of direct breastfeeding, despite challenges, breastfeeding experiences vary according to individual and/or external factors, such as infants' medical conditions. Conclusion: Anatomofunctional challenges required specialized professional support. Mothers demonstrated commitment to breastfeeding but faced limitations in accessing comprehensive specialized and preventive support. Further research is essential to optimize the breastfeeding process and its benefits.